Fun with ones and zeros - apache

In one of my FreeBSD 6.2 jails running Apache, even though the server seemed to respond ok, I saw lots of these errors in the logfile:

[warn] (61)Connection refused: connect to listener on 0.0.0.0:443

Google searching found lots of other people asking about this, but I didn't really see any good answers. Others complained about the same thing on port 80

[warn] (61)Connection refused: connect to listener on 0.0.0.0:80

I think the problem is just that Apache in a jail can't listen to :443 or 0.0.0.0:443 (or :80 or 0.0.0.0:80). If your jail has the IP 1.2.3.4 for example, then in httpd.conf, changing

Listen 80

to

Listen 1.2.3.4:80

and/or in extra/httpd-ssl.conf

Listen 443

to

Listen 1.2.3.4:443

Seems to fix the problem

posted at: 09:37 | tags: apache freebsd | 0 comments | permanent link to this entry

I've been doing a lot with Django lately, and initially set it up using mod_python as the Django docs recommend, but still have some reservations about that kind of arrangement. I'd like to go back to running it under SCGI or something similar.

Django has support builtin for FastCGI, but after trying to install mod_fastcgi in my Apache 2.0.x setup, decided it was a PITA. mod_scgi is quite easy to setup in Apache (even though the documentation is mostly nonexistent). After finding where Django implements its FastCGI support using the flup module, I saw that with just a few minor tweaks Django could be made to support all of flup's protocols, including SCGI and AJP (Apache Jserv Protocol).

AJP turns out to be very interesting because it's included standard with Apache 2.2 as mod_proxy_ajp, and can work with mod_proxy_balancer - meaning you could setup multiple Django instances and have Apache share the load between them.

After testing a bit, I submitted a patch, and will probably switch to running my Django sites as AJP servers managed by daemontools, and frontended by Apache 2.2

posted at: 20:33 | tags: apache bugs django scgi | 0 comments | permanent link to this entry

Just as a followup, it seems the segfault in mod_python on FreeBSD I mentioned before was found and fixed. Turns out to not be any kind of pointer/memory corruption like I thought, but rather a mishandled return code from an APR (Apache Portable Runtime) function. Oh well, I got to play with gdb, ddd, and valgrind a bit, which is good stuff to be familiar with.

posted at: 21:40 | tags: apache bugs freebsd mod_python | 0 comments | permanent link to this entry

Ran across Mark Mayo's blog entry: FastCGI, SCGI, and Apache: Background and Future, which discusses exactly the things I've been struggling with this weekend. I have to agree that sticking an interpreter like Python directly into Apache is a lot of trouble. I've delved into Apache sourcecode, and the mass of macros and #ifdefs is enough to send you running away screaming. To try and graft Python onto that is just begging for trouble - and I've had some experience myself with grafting interpreters onto other things.

Running your webcode in separate processes just makes a lot of sense. You have much more freedom with choice of language and version of language. You can easily run things under different userids, chrooted, in jails/zones, on completely separate machines, completely separate OSes, maybe within virtual machines running different OSes on the same hardware.

Anyhow, thought I'd mention this because Mark's writeup made a lot of sense to me and I thought it was worth keeping a link to it.

posted at: 00:30 | tags: apache scgi | 0 comments | permanent link to this entry

I've been testing mod_python 3.2.x betas as requested by the developers on their mailing list. Unfortunately there seems to be some subtle memory-related but that only occurs on FreeBSD (or at least FreeBSD the way I normally install it along with Apache and Python).

Made some mention of it here and an almost identical problem is reported for MacOSX, even down to the value 0x58 being at the top of the backtrace.

Did a lot of poking around the core with gdb and browsing of the mod_python and Apache sourcecode, but never quite saw where the problem could be. Took another approach and started stripping down the big mod_python testsuite, and found that the test that was failing ran fine by itself, but when it ran after another test for handling large file uploads - then it would crash.

So I suspect there's a problem in a whole different area of mod_python, that's screwing something up in memory that doesn't trigger a segfault til later during the connectionhandler test. My latest post to the list covers some of that.

posted at: 13:56 | tags: apache bugs freebsd mod_python unix | 0 comments | permanent link to this entry

Out of curiosity, ran the Apache Benchmark program ab on the plain CGI installation of PyBlosxom on my little server (-n 100 -c 10), and got around 1.5 requests/second. Decided to give SCGI a try, and got some better results.

Went about this based on what I had read in Deploying TurboGears with Lighttpd and SCGI. Tried Lighttpd at first, and it mostly worked, but I've got an Apache setup right now, so wanted to stick with that for the moment (and it seems a bit quicker anyhow). Basically started by loading flup with easy_install.

 
    easy_install flup

Copied the config.py and wsgi_app.py files from the PyBlosxom distribution into a directory, and added this little script into that same directory:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
from flup.server.scgi_fork import WSGIServer
from wsgi_app import application

server = WSGIServer(application, 
                 scriptName='/blog', 
                 bindAddress=('127.0.0.1', 8040)
                )
ret = server.run()
sys.exit(ret and 42 or 0)

Installed mod_scgi built for Apache2 and added two lines to the config

LoadModule scgi_module libexec/apache2/mod_scgi.so

SCGIMount /blog 127.0.0.1:8040

Notice how the scriptName and bindAddress parameters in the Python code are matched in the SCGIMount Apache directive. With this setup, running the same ab benchmark yields about 10 to 15 requests/second - not too bad. Running the threaded SCGI server (remove the _fork from the first import line) wasn't as good, only 3 or 8 requests/second.

The setup seems a bit shaky in that the benchmark values seem to keep decreasing with every run, especially in the threaded mode. So there may be some problems in my setup or in flup/scgi/pyblosxom_wsgi.

Even if it was working fine, SCGI is probably overkill for running PyBlosxom when you're not expecting a lot of traffic. And if you were, you'd probably run it with --static to generate static pages. But it was a reasonable thing to fool with for the day when you want to run a more dynamic WSGI app.

posted at: 22:19 | tags: apache pyblosxom python scgi | 0 comments | permanent link to this entry